Test tomorrow will be at 8 a.m. sharp. Make sure your alarm clock works. It will be multiple choice, fill-in-the-blanks and a short essay.
Anything on this list and on the first test is fair game for this test.
Tipping Point – How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Malcolm Gladwell. Little Brown 2000
Three types of different archetypes
MAVENS – Information specialists. People we rely on to connect us with new information. “Word of mouth” epidemics start with them. They are information brokers.
CONNECTORS – People who know large #’s of people and are in the habit of making introductions. They are like a computer network hub or the spoke of a bike wheel.
SALES PEOPLE – persuaders. Powerful negotiators with serious skills. They tend to have an idefinable trait that goes beyond what they say, which makes people want to agree with them.
THE STICKINESS FACTOR – specific content of a message that renders its impact memorable
The POWER of CONTEXT – Epidemics are sensitive to the conditions and circumstances of the times and place in which they occur (Downton Abbey Cartoon)
DUMBAR’s NUMBER – is the maximum number of individuals in a society or group that someone can have real social relationships with – “The Rule of 150”
(The number of people you would not feel embarrassed about joining uninvited for a drink if you happened to bump into them in a bar)
PLATFORM: Get Noticed in a Noisy World
Michael Hyatt
Thomas Nelson Publishing 2012
Your platform is the means by which you connect with your existing potential fans.
Success isn’t what buy who you know – and the who is your platform.
A good product does now stand on its own anymore. It’s foundational. But not enough.
- Competition is greater (you compete against the world now)
- People are more distracted that ever.
Three benefits of building a platform.
- Provides visibility
- Provides amplification
- Connection
Create “WOW” products
- Products you’d use
- Create products that solve problems in unexpected ways
- Create products that exceed expectations
Must have combination of these things.
- Surprise
- Anticipation
- Resonance
- Transcendence
- Clarity
- Presence
- University
- Evangelism
- Longevity
- Privilege
And must exceed expectations
Questions to ask to see if product is compelling.
- What is the product or experience I want to create or transform?
- How will the customer feel?
- What does failing to meet customer’s expectations for this experience look like?
- What does exceeding customer’s expectations for experience look like?
Biggest obstacle is FEAR
Give product memorable name: (AKA BRANDING)
Nothing in the marketing mix is more important that a strong title: Great titles have PINC
P – Title makes a promise
I – Titles that create intrigue
N – Titiles that identify need
C – titles that simply state content.
Packaging
- Know audience
- Consider Your Brand
- Review best-seller lists
- Makes investments that are necessary
- Ask your fans
TAKE Personal Responsibility for your product
- No One Knows the Product as well as you do.
- No one is more passionate
- No one has more skin in the game
- No on is likely to do it
Goals to set for your platform:
- Forces you to clarify what you want
- Motivates you to take action
- Filters other opportunities
- Helps you overcome resistence
- Enables you to see and celebrate progress.
Create an elevator pitch – a short summary of your product offering, including your target market (your customers), your value proposition (what you have to offer your customers) Be able to convey it in 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
- This forces you to achieve clarity
- Helps you understand your customer’s perspective.
- It provides a tool for enrolling strategic partners
Should contain:
- Your product name and category
- The Problem you’re attempting to solve
- Your proposed solution
- The key benefit to your solution
Set up Branding Tools:
Email Address – name. Gmail or own demain
- Email signature. Name – with social media stuff on it
- Business cars
- Website
- Social media profiles
- same logo
- same color palate
- same fonts
When starting out, put together a good pit crew. I used to have most of these at the paper. Now that I am running my own business, I have put together some of this list – and probably should do them all
- Administration
- Assistant
- Bookkeeper
- Attorney
All can be hired on part-time basis.
- Management
- Self
- Personal (to oversee career)
- Literary Agent
- Booking agent (speeches)
- Publicity agent
GET A GREAT HEADSHOT
- Hire a pro
- Get all the rights
- Not in a studio
- Wear appropriate attire
- Look at the lens
- Pic one image and use it across platform.
BUILD A HOME BASE – a place for the digital property and control
EMBASSIES – Facebook and Twitter
OUTPOSTS – Comment sections
Beware of self-proclaimed experts
- Checkout his numbers
CREATE YOUR OWN CONTENT (DUH)
- Protect your own intellectual propery
- Publish an official copyright notice. You are protected.
BLOG LENGTH (optimal)
- Write 200-400 words – 500 at the most
- End each post with quest
- Participate in the discussion
- Catchy headlines (David Ogilvily)
- Strong lede and first paragraph
CREATE (as Seth Godin says) A TRIBE – a group of people connected to one another, connected to a leader and connected to an idea. Tribe as two requirements : A shared interest and a way to communicate.
How to build a tribe:
- Discover your passion
- Volunteer to lead
- Be generous (lead by serving and giving)
- Provide a way to communicate.
Devote 30 minutes a day to twitter.
TROLLS:
Don’t feed them. Really, don’t.
- Criticism is normal – you have to have thick skin to be in this business. I got death threats on the day of the Mississippi Flag vote.
You get it from 1. True friends 2. Honest critics. 3. Trolls. Listen to the first two.
And surround yourself with five advisors. Tell them everything and listen to any constructive criticism. Tune out the rest of it.
Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook: How to Tell Your Story in a Noisy Social World by Gary Vaynerchuck. Chapters 1-3
Video: The evolution of internet marketing.
- Your number one-job is to tell your story to the consumer wherever they are, and preferably at the moment they are deciding to make a purchase.
- 325 million phone subscriptions in the United States.
- ½ are on social media
- 71% of the people in America are on Facebook. Half a billion are on Twitter globally and check it at least once a day.
- Social media has altered how people fall in and out of relationships, stay in touch with family and friends and find jobs.
- One in four use Social Media to inform purchasing decisions.
- Boomers, who control 70% of the spending, have increased their Social Media use by 42%
- Social Media is no longer tied to laptops and PCs.
- There are three types of media: Traditional (radio, TV, print), digital (websites, banner ads, e-mails, SEO – search engine optimizations) and Social Media. Social Media is pulling away from the first two.
- IT took 38 years before 50 million people gained access to radios
- It took TV 13 years.
- It took Instagram a year and a half.
- The fastest-growing marketing sector getting people’s attention is Social Media.
- All forms of Marketing must contain Social Media yet 1% of ad budgest going to Social Media.
- You can’t just repurpose your content across different platforms.
- Great Marketing is about telling your story in such a way that it compels people to buy what you’re selling. That’s a constant. What’s always in flux, especially in this noise, mobile world is how, when and where the story gets told and who gets to tell all of it
- Video: Stop storytelling like it is 2007 (language).
- “Jabs” are the lightweight pieces of content that benefit your customers by making them laugh, snicker, ponder, play a game, feel appreciated or escape, “right hooks” are calls to action that benefit your business.
- Tradition marketing campaigns would sit back and see what happened. Today there is no six-month campaign. There’s now a 365-day campaign.
- Like boxers, great story tellers are observant and self aware. And attuned to his or her audience.
- Today, real-time feedback that Social Media allows makes it possible for brands and businesses to test and retest with scientific precision.
- A great marketing story is one that sells stuff. It creates emotion that makes consumers want to motivate people.
- Your story is not powerful enough if all it does is lead the horse to water. It has to inspire the horse to drink – the only story that can achieve that goal is the story told with native content.
- Native content amps up your story’s power. It is crafted to mimic everything that makes a platform attractive and valuable to a consumer.
- Whatever story you tell must remain true to the brand.
- Different platforms allow you to highlight different aspects of your brand identity. Each jab tells a different part of your story. Have fun with it.
- A perfect right hook always includes three characteristics: A. They make the call to action simple and easy to understand B. They are perfectly crafted for mobile devices. C. They respect the nuances of the social network for which you are making content.
- Content for the sake of content is pointless. Only OUTSTANDING content can cut through the noise.
- Outstanding content’s six rules: 1. It’s Native Content – Content is king, but context is God. You can put out good content, but if it ignores the context of the platform on which it appears, it can fall flat. Consumers are on social media for value. Science – social networking sites light up people’s dopamine pathways and the pleasure centers of the brain. In the right social-media savvy hands, a brand that masters native content becomes human. 2. It doesn’t interrupt. It has to be the entertainment. (think about today’s ad-skipping services). 3. It doesn’t make demands – often. Make it simple, make it memorable, make it inviting to look at and make it fun to read. And make it for the audience, now yourself. Be generous, informative, be funny, be inspiring. 4. Leverages Pop Culture. Create content that reveals your understanding of the human condition – issues and news that matters to them. 5. It’s micro: Think of content as micro-content. Tiny unique nuggets of info, humor content or inspiration. 6. It’s consistent and self-aware.
- Want to know what content people find valuable? Look on their phone home screens. 1. Most popular apps – social networking (people). 2. Entertainment (escape) 3. Utility (value service – Google maps for example) So your content must fall within these three areas. It can’t be information that makes people realize they are being sold. MUST make emotional connection.
- Facebook: Founded in 2004.
- Bloomberg video: On the health of Facebook
- Was called Thefacebook.com until August 2005.
- The Like Button was originally supposed to be called the “Awesome” button.
- Mark Zuckerberg initially rejected photo sharing, he had to be persuaded that it was a good idea by then-president Sean Parker
- There were a billion monthly active users as of December 2012
- http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/01/09/facebook-users-will-likely-hit-2-billion-in-2017-but-social-network-isnt.html
- There were 680 million monthly active users of Facebook mobile products as of December 2012.
- One out of every five page views in the U.S. is on Facebook.
- Facebook wants users to see things that they find relevant, fun and useful – not annoying and pointless or else they’ll abandon the site. Which means you’d better create content that’s relative, fun and useful, too.
- Facebook settled on an algorithm called EdgeRank. Every interaction a person has with Facebook, from posting a status update or a photo to liking, sharing or commenting is called and “edge.” And theoretically, every edge channels into the news stream. But no everyone who could see these edges actually does, because EdgeRank is constantly reading algorithmic tea leaves to determine which edges are most interesting to the most number of people. It tracks all the engagement a user’s own content receives and well as the engagement a user has with other people’s or brand’s content. The most engagement a user has with a piece of content, the stronger the EdgeRank believes that a user’s interest will be in a similar content and it filters that person’s news stream accordingly. A randomizer ensures that occasionally we’ll see a post from someone we haven’t talked to in years—thus keeping Facebook “fresh.” For example, EdgeRank makes sure that a user who often likes or comments on a friend’s photos, but who ignores that friend’s plain-text status update, will see more of that friend’s photos and fewer of his status updates. Every engagement, whether between friends or between users and brands, strengthens their connection and the likelihood that EdgeRank will push appropriate content from those friends and brands to the top of a user’s News Feed. That’s of course where you, the marketer , what to see your brand or business. It’s the user’s response to the “jab” that matters most. Through EdgeRank, Facebook weighs like, comments and shares. But it currently does not give greater weight to click throughs or any other action that leads to sales. Facebook doesn’t care – their greatest priority is making the platform valuable to the consumer, not to you the marketer. On Facebook, the definition of great content is not the content that makes the most sales, but the content that people most want to share with others. The only way to reach those consumers is to get them to engage, then its up to you to create not just great content , but content that’s so great they want to engage with it. Facebook constantly changes the algorithm. So what works today won’t necessarily work tomorrow.
- January 2013, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook should now be considered a mobile company.
- Six months later Facebook reported 41 percent of its ad revenue came from mobile, equaling $1.6 billion in the second quarter of 2014.
- No space on the mobile for ads per se. Your content – your micro-content, has to be the ad.
- Sponsored stories. Launched in 2011 but it was the fall of 2012 they came into their own because Facebook adjusted the algorithmic adjustment that would purposely limit how many people would organically see a brand’s posts even if they had already become fans by liking the brands page.
- By Sept. 2013, Facebook’s algorithm will only allow your content to reach about 3 to 5% of our fans. To reach more, you have to post some extremely engaging content. Or your have to pay.
- Unlike TV, your content’s reach increases only when you’ve put content that people actually want to see and think others do, too.
- Explanation of sponsored stories: 1. Simply extends your chosen piece of content to the news streams of a larger number of your fans than the regular 3 to 5% that would normally see it. That’s called a Page Post. 2: The other extends your reach the same way, but it allows you to highlight the fact that a fan has engaged with your content and tell that fan’s friends about it. You can choose to create this kind of sponsored story around a check-in, a like and several other actions.
READ THIS: The Six Rules for Managing Your Facebook Post
Social media’s presence in our online lives is unavoidable.
If you’re part of the 93% of marketers who use social media for business, then you already understand how much weight it carries for your company, and you likely place a lot of value in your company Facebook page.”
READ: The best time to post to Facebook
Because of the complicated News Feed algorithm, getting your timing right on Facebook isn’t easy.
But despite the non-chronological functionality of the News Feed, our social marketing team has discovered publishing times that do indeed yield a higher amount of Likes, comments, shares, and click-throughs:
- The best time to post on Facebook is between 12 p.m. and 3 p.m. Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
- And on Saturday and Sunday between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m.
“For us, Tuesdays are a bit behind other weekdays in terms of Facebook engagement,” Hootsuite social media marketing specialist Amanda Wood explains. “But 12 p.m. to 3 p.m. is still the most effective window on that day.”
Hootsuite’s social team also sees lower engagement on the weekend, but there is a spike in click-throughs on posts published between 12 p.m. and 1 p.m.
Supporting these findings to a degree are Hubspot, Microsoft, and Quick Sprout. All three report the hours of 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. on Thursdays and Fridays are optimal posting times for Facebook.
As always, you should test and track results using engagement data gleaned from Facebook’s Page Insights, or other measurement tools such as Hootsuite Analytics to determine what works best for you.
READ THIS Adweek: The best times to post on Social Media
FastCompany: The Best (and Worst Times) to Post on Social Media
POST ON FACEBOOK DURING THE AFTERNOON SLUMP
“Most people need some motivation to get through the afternoon slump, and for many of us that means checking Facebook. Posting to Facebook between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. results in the highest average click through rates. These numbers peak around 3 p.m. and hit rock bottom on weekends, before 8 a.m., and after 8 p.m. when people presumably have better things to do.
For more on managing your Facebook account, check out these six rules.”
Questions to ask when creating Facebook micro-content
Is the text too long?
Is it provocative, entertaining or surprising?
Is the photo striking and high-quality?
Is the logo visible?
Have we chose the right format for the post?
IS the call to action in the right place?
Is this interesting in any way to anyone?
Round Four: Twitter
Listen Well on Twitter
Number One mistake people make on Twitter: https://youtu.be/Wux-Yd4q4Vc
Launched in March of 2006
As of 2012 — 100 million users in US. 500 worldwide
The blue bird is named Larry Bird, after the basketball player
Jet Blue was first company to start using Twitter for marketing research.
Users post 750 tweets per second.
On this platform alone, content often has far less value than context.
Brands success on Twitter is rarely predicated on the actual content it produces — rather is correlates w/how much valuable context you add to the content (yours and others)
The Main mistake most marketers make is to use Twitter primarily as an extension of their blog, a place to push a link to content elsewhere. Also use as a place to humblebrag.
TWITTER PRIMARILY REWARDS THOSE WHO LISTEN AND GIVE.
Mean Tweets 10: https://youtu.be/JgQVj4iMm8Y
Twitter is the cocktail party of the Internet. Conversation is key.
Must deejay other’s content. Skillfully spin, interpret and remix it in your own style.
Twitter allows you to initiate a relationship with your customer.
You can use the Powerful Twitter Search Engine to find people who are talking about topics related to your business.
One way to engage in conversations is Trendjacking. (Look at Twitter trends and engage)
Also you buy promoted Tweets (with hashtags)
Mean Tweets 1: https://youtu.be/RRBoPveyETc
Using trends to throw right hooks. Take advantage of hashtags — it’s a great way for small businesses to get attention.
Choose Hashtags carefully. Don’t just make novelty ones.
Creating micro content is an enormous job. But you can beat larger companies by being nimble.
You want to see ROI (Return on Investment) on Social media? Tell a story that’s good enough to get people to buy stuff.
Retweeting nice things about yourself is humblebragging. Spend the time developing relationships.
Stupid Tweets: https://youtu.be/QR_RN8USCYc
Questions to ask about your TWITTER content:
Is it to the point?
Is the hashtag unique and memorable (PEEOTUS)
Image attached high quality?
Does the voice sound authentic? Will is resonate with the Twitter audience?
Round 5
Glam it up for Pinterest
Gary V on Pinterest https://youtu.be/uyTCjV4LGKs
Launched in March 2010
48.7 million users
Grew 379,599 percent in 2012
From 2011 –2012 Pinterest mobile app rose 1698%
68% Pinterest users are women
The most refined pin is for garlic cheese toast.
Females out-number men five to one.
Pinterest was invented to help people create online collections of things that they love and inspire them.
Food porn
Fashion lovers
People seeking home renovations
48 million in 2012. 150 million in 2016
Big businesses were initially hesitant because of copyright laws and terms of use policy. That was changed and opened floodgate.
Pinterest psychology 101
Does job well
We love displays and symbols and stuff that quickly and silently tells the world who we want to be.
Steelhouse survey: Pinterest users are 79% more likely to buy something on it than Facebook. Some small businesses saw as much as a 60 % increase in revenue!
HOw to market with Pintrest: https://youtu.be/teCvQYyX30o
To begin: Learn the art of the PIN
Pinterest is eye-candy. So ever pin should be visually compelling.
Pinterest users organize their internet finds into categories called boards. Have creative names for the boards.
Jab to create serendipity.
Create value by pinning other people’s stuff and adding commentary.
Use jabs to build community,
Comments are an excellent way to instigate discovery
By engaging with other Pinterest users you create reasons for them to click on your name to learn about you.
Adds perspective to other pins
Follow the rules.
Be nice. Show wares in an attractive and evocotative way.
Questions to ask about your Pinterest Content:
Does my picture feed the consumer dream?
Did I give my boards clever, creative titles?
Have I included a price when appropriate?
Does every photo include a hyperlink?
Could this pin double as an ad or act as an accompanying photo to an article featured in a top flight magazine.
Is this image easily category so people don’t have to think hard about where to repin on their boards.
Round 6: Create Art on Instagram
How your brand can dominate Instagram: https://youtu.be/q0xBmAtvrvY
Founded October 2010
December 2012. Boasts 130 million
40 million uploads per day
It took Flicker two years to reach 100 million. It took Instagram eight months.
Started as geolocation app Burbn
Instagram is a closed loop. Anyone who clicks on your Instagram photo gets brought back to Instagram.
It’s a slightly more interactive experience than a print magazine.
Hwo to throw hooks on Instagram: https://youtu.be/WChfjMjY4Ss
A few tips to creating successful instagram content.
Make it Instagram: People love it because of the quality of content.
No stock photos
Native content is artistic, not commercial
Express yourself authentically, not commercially.
2. Reach instagram generation — learn to make Instagram work for you. Facebook bought it for billion.
3. Go crazy with hashtags. The more the merrier. Brings readers to you
4. Become Explore-worthy — the most gorgeous evocatitative content on Instagram gets streamed to the explore page (which exposes your content to all of Instagram) — and likes are a factor.
Questions to ask about your Instagram Content —
Is my image artsy and indie enough for the Instagram crowd?
Have I included enough descriptive hashtags?
Are my stories appealing to the young generation?
Social media changing world: https://youtu.be/0Qy9aLqhxcc
Round 8
Linked in
Conan Conquers LinkedIn: https://youtu.be/cinb5tcRYXw
Launched in May 2003
200 Million members
Every second — two new members join
More than 2.8 million companies have a linked in page
Executives from all 2012 Fortune 500 companies are members
Students and recent college graduates are fastest growing demographic.
Conan Conquers LinkedIn Continues: https://youtu.be/a1p4fkZfftE
Linked-in influences — where leaders contribute articles on their topic of expertise. Since it is a business site, it provides a natural platform for B2B marketers . You need to have an LinkedIn page for your professional accomplishments. It’s a digital resume. And it’s also a place where you can indulge in long copy. A great place to build your brand as an expert in some business or motivational topic. People coming to the site are looking for information. There have to be creative, smart ways you can make your self-indispensable by using Linked-In
Top Ten Linked in Errors: https://youtu.be/dnYiOmXRVDQ
Snapchat
Launched 2011
60 Million snaps sent in February 2/13
Allows users to send photos and videos that self-destruct in a matter of sections. Changing the way people created and view content on the Internet.
How to grow you SnapChat audience: https://youtu.be/DEP6j2VhoHQ
building your brand using SnapChat https://youtu.be/TRsWXNL_DSk
Normal Internet: 90-9-1 rule. — 90% consume content, 9% edit it, 1 % create it.
Snapchat: 75-20-5 rule — 75% consume content, 20% edit it, 5 percent create it.
People look to Snapchat for conversation or a quick laugh.
Mimics real life conversations — real life conversations don’t last online forever.
Round Nine — Effort
Content is king, context is God and then there’s effort. Together they are the holy trinity for winning on Facebook, Twitter and Any other Platform.
Effort — intense, consistent, committed, 24-7 effort, the best social media micro-content placed within the most appropriate context will go down as graceless as Buster Douglas did against Evander Holyfield.
Effort is the great equalizer. What matters is the effort you put into you work.
Budgets should have no effect on the amount of the effort, heart and sincerity that can go into your conversations with your customers. Marketers who creatively and sincerely engage in as many as those resulting conversations as possible will be about to scale their relationships higher than their opponents.
Volume alone won’t raise a brand’s engagement levels — the quality of the conversation will.
You’re fighting a never ending boxing match.
Initial consistency and effort will build up so much brand equity that you won’t have to have the same frenzy down the road.
10. All companies are media companies.
We’ve just spend nine chapters emphasizing secret to social marketing is micro-content (the shorter the better — it’s the yang). The Yin is long form content — YouTube video, magazine articles, TV shows, movies and books for instance — where it continues to push traditional boundaries via which ways they use to disseminate their content. Companies recognize that they less and less often have to rent their media. But can own it and remarket it in whenever way they want.
There are ways to grown a brand:
Michelin tires started reviewing rural restaurants to encourage people living in the cities to drive farther (and wear out tires).
So long as brands remain transparent so that their consumers aren’t duped into thinking these sites and publications are strictly objective content providers — this could be a fruitful way to expand the brand and content reach.
In marketing world, there will so be no more separation between church and state (advertising and editorial content).
Round 11
You can’t give into the frustration caused by constant change and tweaks.
Round 12. We world we live in evolves every second, everyday.
The Future of Media: Frank Cooper https://youtu.be/wM00LNcZvjA
PINTEREST:
Hunt and Gather
- 2nd largest social source of traffic
- 3rd highest order amount per visit
- Use rich pins (enhanced pins)
Catagories for Rich Pins are
- Movie
- Place
- Recipes
- Articles
- Products
Rich pins improve click through and price changes are notified.
- Pin smarter – know what kind of images work. Get more pins that way.
- Keep it anonymous – pins without faces get 23% more pins than ones with faces
- Multiple dominant colors get 3.25% more a single dominate color (red is better than blue)
- Pin size must be at least 600 pixels. Optimal pin width is 736 pixels (max size). Taller pins work better.
- Timing: 2-4 p.m., 8-11 p.m. best times to pin
- You need a blog
- Sell the Lifestyle. (jeep in the mountains, not in a parking lot)
- Piggyback on popular content. Consider audience
- Run Pinterest contests to drive site traffic. Look at other sites for ideas.
- Power of Influencers – Swap sites to get new audiences,
- Engage community – create group boards.
How to grow your snap chat audience
- Snapcode – put it everywhere (Twitter, Facebook, etc) Can download stickers.
- Attract warm leads – family, friends, etc. Let them know you’re on Snapchat. You can get Ghostcodes app – search functionality to search for people. Code is PINKY.
- Repurpose your content across different platforms to show people you have an account.
- Tell a good story. Create themes around your content.
- SnapChat takeover. Snap swap to get new audience.
The secret of promoting on social media is creating a campaign that doesn’t seem like a campaign. You have to have the classic advertising maxims involved (three to five insertions of an add to get attention — something I learned back in the stone ages). But you also have to give your target market content that is relevant and engaging. How does what you post matter to them? If fact there are several others you must ask yourself before you begin (and during your campaign):
Is my content engaging?
What platforms would be the most effective?
What content would work best on each platform? (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Periscope, YouTube, SnapChat — you get the point.)
What frequency should I post?
What hashtag should I use?
Should I mix in traditional media?
How long will my campaign need to last?
How can I get people to share my content?
How can I engage my audience?
Who is my market?
In the old days, you’d try to raise awareness. Today, you have to engage people or they won’t pay attention.